Manufacture of brake shoes



Sept. 13, 1932. v s, wHrrwom-H 1,876,811

KANUFACTURE 0F BRAKE SHOES Filed Mrcn 14, 1928 2 sheets-sheet 1 'x A'jg/'6.

Wwf-vil ATTORNEYS. Y

Sept. 13, 1932. y 5 WH|TWQRTH 1,876,811

MANUFACTURE OF BRAKE SHOES Filed March 14. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 #6 [NVENTOR ,SZarzZeyZzf/zzworz 2Enl BY L ATTORNEYS.

Patented Sept. 13, 1932 f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STANLEY WHITWOBTH, OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA., ASSIGNOB TO BENDIX BRAKE COIPANY, OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, .A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS MANUFACTUBE OE BRAKE SHOES Application led Iarch 1 4, 1928. Serial No. 261.579.

This invention relates to the manufacture of articles such as brake shoes and is illustrated in connection with the attachment of friction material or the like, usually non-metallic, to a metallic body such as the brake shoe.

An object of the invention is to lessen the cost of attaching such material by eliminating most of the operations incident to the use of rivets or similar fastenings passing through the shoe'body, preferably by uslng fastenings engaging the lining and permanently attached to the face of the shoe or the like by a welding operation, although many of the benefits of the invention may be secured by previously forming the metallic body structure with outwardly extending fastenings projecting from its face, and which may for example be formed by weldin separately formed-fastenings thereto, an then attaching the lining by litting it over the projections and forming them to hold the lining somewhat in the manner of a rivet.

In all of the various examples of the invention, the operations of drilling and countersinking the shoe bod for rivets are eliminated entirely, and also the necessity of maintaining accurate alignment of such openings with the corresponding openings in the brake lining is obviated.,y Also, the cost of the fastenings themselves is cut approximately in two on account of the fact that less metal is used since they do not have to o through the metallic bodyl structure. t should be borne in mind in this connection that fastenings such as rivets for brake linings are used in enormous quantities.

In one arrangement the fastenings are seated in openings formed in the brake lining or other non-metallic material and are secured permanently by a welding operation directly to the face of the metallic body structure,

preferably a considerable number of the fastenings being welded to the body structure at one operation. It should be noted that not only can a considerable pressure be placed on theastenings and on the lining during this operation, thus attaching the lining tightly to the body structure, but the tightness of the joint is even further increased by the contraction of the fastenings as they cool after the `completion of the weldin operation. As a matter of illustration, I ow two forms of fastenings, one generally similar to a solid rivet and the other more nearly like a hollow or tubular rivet.

I also show a general tubular-rivetlike cony ments of parts contemplated b my invention, will be apparent from the ollowing description of t e methods of manufacture ilylustrated by the accompanying drawings, in

which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a brake shoe and a fixture for welding fastenings. in a plane passing through a yseries of the fastenings and corresponding to the line 1-1 in Figure 2;

Fi re 2 is a section through the shoe on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 before the fasteny ings are attached to the shoe body;

Figure 3 is a similar section on the line 3 8 of Figure 1 and showing the fastenings attached tothe shoe body;

Figure 4 is a top lan view of a. part of the shoe looking in e direction of the arrows 4--4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a view corresponding to 4Figure 2 but showing a tubular fastening construction;

Figure 6 is a view corresponding to Figure 3 but showing the attachment-of thefastenings of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 but showing the use of fastenings previously secured to the face of the shoe;

Figure 8 is a View corresponding to Figure 2 but showing the fastenings of Figure 7 before the lining is placed on the shoe;

Figure 9 is a view corresponding to Fi ure 3 but showing the attachment of the lining by means of fastenings of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of one of so.v

the fastenings used in Figures 8 and 9; and

Figure 11 is a view partly in section and partly in perspective of part of a shoe having a metallic material embedded or carried by the lining and Welded to the face of the shoe body.

In the arrangement of Figures 1-4 the shoe is illustrated as built up of a steel web member 16 supported in a suitable fixture 12 arranged to serve as an electrode and permanently' attached b spot Welding or other- Wise to a rim member 14, for example as fully described in Patent No. 1,659,368, granted Feb. 14, 1928, to Bendix Brake Company. The present invention has to do more particularly with the attachment to a metallic body structure, such as a brake shoe of this type, of material such as a strip 16 of Woven or molded brake lining.

In the arrangement of Figures 1-4 the material 16 is formed with a set of countersunk openings 18 receiving short headed fastenings 2O generally in the shape of rivets and having heads engaging the bottoms of the eountersunk portions of the openings 18. Preferably the entire set of fastenings 2O is assembled in openings 18 of the material 16, the 'material then being placed in position on the rim 14 of' the shoe While the latter is held by the fixture 12 and then part or all of the fastenings 20 are simultaneously permanently secured to the face of the rim 14 by a Welding operation.

The apparatus diagrammatically shown in Figure 1 for this purpose includes a presser plate 22 approximately the Width of the space between the two sets of openings 18 at opposite sides of the shoe and Which presser plate 22 is connected to an outer plate 24 through the medium of guides or dewels 26, the tvvo plates 22 and 24 being urged apart by means such as springs 28 embracing the dovvels 26. Plate 24 carries a set of electrodes 30, one for each fastening 20, slidably passing through guides 32 carried by the presser plate 22. This apparatus is forced by any suitable means against the outer face of the material 16, which is thus pressed firmly against the rim 14 by the presser plate 22. The springs 28 yield While the plate 24 is pressed firmly downward by suitable mechanism, thus bringing the electrodes 30 against the heads of the fastenings 20. If desired, each electrode 30 may individually be forced firmly against the head of its fastening 20by suitable mechanism not shown.

With all of the electrodes 30 in engagement with their fastenings 20 and forcing the bases of the fastenings firmly against the face of rim 14, and with the fixture 12 serving as the opposite electrode, current is passed, thus butt-welding lthe fastenings 20 permanently and securely to the face of the rim 14. Not only does this press the material 16 against the metallic body structure so firmly as to make a very tight joint, as shown in Figure 3, but the tightness of this joint is increased by the contraction of the astenings 20 as they cool after the completion of the welding operation.

In Figure 1 the Welding fixture 22-32 has just completed the welding of the fastenings 20 on the right half of the shoe, whereupon the shoe and its fixture 12 Will be indexed to cause a Welding on the next operation of the left half of the fastenings. On the smaller shoes it is feasible to weld all of the fastenings at once, but as the size of the shoes increases the size of the fastenings 20 increases also, until on the very lar est shoes it is preferable to weld only two of t e fastenings at a time. The fastenings 20 may under certain circumstances be made of steel, but ordinarily I consider it preferable to make them of brass, which I find makes a permanent and satisfactory welded joint with the steel of rim 14.

In the arrangement of Figures 5 and 6 I utilize tubular or hollow fastenings 36, preferably of brass, having reversely-turned conical flanges forming heads engaging the bottoms of the countersunk portions of openings 18. In this case the electrodes 13() correspond to the electrodes 30 of Figure 1 except that they en age the bottoms of the hollovv or tubular astenin s 36 so as to confine any arcing or an spar s to the space between the bottom o the fastening and the top of the rim 14 where it is inclosed by the material 16 so that no injury can be done to the surface of the lining material. Moreover, the fastenings 36 comprise less brass than the fast-enings 20 and the reversely-turned conical flanges bite deepl into the lining material 16, as shown in Iyigure 6, to give a very close joint.

In Figures 7 to 9 I illustrate a construction in which fastenings 40, which may be brass stampings, are attached to the shoe body by electrodes similar to the electrodes 130 but before the lining material 16 is placed in position. The material 16 is then laced over the outwardly-projecting studs formed by the fastenings 40, and the fastenings 40 are then riveted outwardly after the manner of tubular rivets, as shown in Figures 9, by tools 42 generally similar to the usual rivet sets.

In Figures 11 I show the lining material rovided with brass or steel wires 44 along its opposite sides held by small stampings 46 loo e an embedded in the material 16. The wires 44 are then spot-Welded at intervals to the outer face of the rim 14 of the body structure. This arrangement is more suitable for use with molded brake lining.

lVhile a number of different Ways of attaching material such as lining, according to my invention, have been illustrated in the acover the wires 44 at their outer ends 1,sve,aii

companying drawings, it is not my intention to limit the sco of the invention to any articular one of t ose methods or to any o the illustrated constructions or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims.

The subject matter disclosed herein and directed to the article of manufacture, forms the subject matter of acopendin divisional application, Serial No. 621,267, led July 7,

I claim:

1. In the manufacture of brake shoes, the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes which com rises rmanently securin rivets to the rim oft e shoe by weldin said rivets bein disposed in countersun holes `in the lining, whereb said lining is Y permanently attached to sai shoe.

2. In the manufacture of brake shoes the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes comprising the steps of supporting the brake shoe on an electrode, assembling on the rim a lining member having countersunk openings receiving headed fastening means, resiliently engaging said lining means for yholding said lining lon said rim, engaging said fastening means with electrode means, and buttwelding said fastening means to said rim by passing current through said fastenin means and applying pressure thereto.

3. n the manufacture of brake shoes, the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes which includes the step of preforming countersunk holes in said lining, placing tubular, flanged fastening means in said holes,I and unitin said fastening means to said brake shoe gy passing current therethrough and exerting pressure thereon to effect a weld.

4. In the manufacture of brake shoes the method of attaching brake lining to a brake shoe comprising the steps of mounting the web of the brake shoe on an electrode, assembling on the rim of the shoe a lining member having openings therein which contain fastening means, (yieldingly pressing said .lining against sai rim, moving electrodes into enga ment with said fastening means, and welding said fastening means to said rim by passing current through said fastening means, said rim and said web, and applying pressure to said fastening means.

5. In the manufacture of brake shoes, the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes which comprises the step of rinanently attaching cup-shaped, flanged astening means to said brake shoe through countersunk openings in the lining and simultaneously imbedding said flange in said lining, whereby said lining is attached to said shoe.

6. In the manufacture of brake shoes the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes which comprises the steps of permanently attaching fastening means to said i brake shoe, placing said fastening means in registering holesfin said lining means, and upsetting said fastening means to thereby attach said lining to said shoe.

7. Method of attaching lining to a brake shoe comprising a rim member, which includes permanently attaching rivets to said rim member, forming holes in said lining, placing said lining in contact with said rim with said rivets registering with said holes, and then upsetting said rivets to thereby attach and hold said lining to said rim.

8. In the manufacture of brake shoes the method of attaching brake lining to brake shoes which comprises the steps of rmanently attaching fastening means to t e rim of the brake shoe, assembling on said rim a lining member having countersunk o enings receiving said fastening means, an upsetting the ends of said fastening means in said openings to thereby attach saidlining to said rim.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name..

STANLEY WHITWORTH.

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